Overview of Layer 1 Blockchains
Layer 1 blockchains (L1s) form the foundational infrastructure of the decentralized web, enabling smart contracts, decentralized applications (dApps), and secure peer-to-peer transactions. This curated list highlights 39 prominent L1s across diverse ecosystems, optimized for scalability, interoperability, and developer adoption.
Top Layer 1 Blockchains
Ethereum
Key Features:
- Powers thousands of dApps with robust smart contract functionality.
- Dominant ecosystem for DeFi, NFTs, and DAOs.
👉 Explore Ethereum's developer tools
Solana
Key Features:
- High-throughput (65,000 TPS) with low fees.
- Ideal for high-frequency trading and gaming apps.
Avalanche
Key Features:
- Sub-2-second transaction finality.
- Supports custom private and public blockchains.
Polkadot
Key Features:
- Parachain architecture for cross-chain interoperability.
- Shared security model.
Cosmos
Key Features:
- "Internet of Blockchains" via IBC protocol.
- Modular SDK for custom chain development.
Emerging L1 Blockchains
| Blockchain | Unique Selling Point | Use Case Focus |
|------------------|------------------------------------------|-------------------------|
| Astar | Scalable Web3 innovations | Cross-chain dApps |
| Kadena | Hybrid PoW/PoS security | Enterprise contracts |
| Near | Climate-neutral operations | Consumer apps |
| Flare | Oracle-less data integration | Multi-chain analytics |
FAQ Section
What defines a Layer 1 blockchain?
Layer 1 refers to base networks like Ethereum or Solana that process and settle transactions natively, unlike Layer 2 solutions that build atop them.
How do I choose an L1 for my project?
Consider:
- Throughput needs (e.g., gaming vs. DeFi).
- EVM compatibility for easier migration.
- Ecosystem grants and developer support.
Which L1 has the lowest fees?
👉 Solana and Near offer sub-cent transaction costs, ideal for microtransactions.
Key Takeaways
- Scalability solutions like sharding (Shardeum) and PoS hybrids (Alephium) drive next-gen L1s.
- EVM dominance persists, but Cosmos SDK and Substrate-based chains gain traction.
- Sustainability (e.g., Near’s carbon neutrality) is a growing priority.
For developers: Always audit smart contracts and leverage testnets before mainnet deployment.